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A synthesizer is an electronic instrument that generates and combines multiple sounds to create a new sound. It typically has a keyboard, but can be controlled by other means like a Theremin. Synthesizers use various waveforms like sine, square, sawtooth, or pulse waves to create sounds, which can then be modified with filters, envelopes, and effects to shape the sound. Synthesizers can mimic other instruments, create new sounds, or be part of a larger music production system.